Lung Cancer: Treatment Options With A Pulmonologist

Lung cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases to diagnose and treat, with a significant impact on patients and their families. In India, lung cancer accounts for 5.9% of all cancers and 8.1% of all cancer-related deaths. A pulmonologist, a specialist in lung health, plays a crucial role in managing and treating lung cancer patients. Early diagnosis and treatment are important factors in improving outcomes and survival rates. This blog explores the various treatment options available for lung cancer, guided by the expertise of a pulmonologist.

Understanding Lung Cancer Staging

The stage of lung cancer is a critical factor in determining the right treatment options. Staging involves assessing the size of the tumour, its location, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

• Early-stage Lung Cancer: This includes Stage I and some Stage II cancers, where the cancer is confined to the lungs and possibly nearby lymph nodes.
• Advanced-stage Lung Cancer: This includes Stage III and IV cancers, where the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as distant organs or more distant lymph nodes.

Proper staging is essential as it guides the treatment plan, helping doctors recommend the most effective therapies suitable to the patient’s specific condition.

Treatment Options for Lung Cancer

Here are the treatment options available for lung cancer:

Surgery

Surgery is oftentimes the preferred treatment for early-stage lung cancer. The purpose is to extract the tumour and surrounding tissue containing cancer cells. Different surgical procedures include:

• Lobectomy: Removing an entire lobe of the lung.
• Wedge resection: Removal of a minor, wedge-shaped portion of the lung.
• Pneumonectomy: Removal of an entire lung.

A pulmonologist plays a vital role in the pre-operative evaluation, ensuring the patient’s lung function can support the surgery and recovery.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to aim and destroy cancer cells. It is often used when surgery is not an option or in conjunction with other treatments. Types of radiation therapy include:

• External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): External machines direct radiation at the tumour.
• Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT): Delivers high doses of radiation with precision, minimising damage to surrounding tissues.

Potential side effects of radiation therapy may include fatigue, skin irritation, and inflammation of the lungs.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells or to stop their growth. It can be used alone or in combination with other treatments. Types of chemotherapy drugs for lung cancer include:

• Platinum-based Drugs: Such as cisplatin and carboplatin.
• Antimetabolites: Such as pemetrexed and gemcitabine.

Managing the side effects of chemotherapy, such as nausea, hair loss, and increased infection risk, is crucial for patient comfort and well-being.

Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy focuses on specific genetic mutations within cancer cells. By targeting these mutations, the therapy can more effectively destroy cancer cells while sparing healthy ones. Examples of targeted therapies include:

• EGFR Inhibitors: Erlotinib and gefitinib are used for cancers with specific EGFR mutations.
• ALK Inhibitors: Such as crizotinib, are used for cancers with ALK gene rearrangements.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy helps the body’s immune system recognise and attack cancer cells. This treatment has shown promising results in lung cancer patients. Types of immunotherapy include:

• Checkpoint Inhibitors: Pembrolizumab and nivolumab help the immune system identify and attack cancer cells.
• CAR T-cell Therapy: Patient's T-cells are modified to better target cancer cells.

Immunotherapy can cause side effects like fatigue, skin rash, and flu-like symptoms, but it can significantly improve outcomes for some patients.

Choosing the Right Treatment

A personalised treatment approach is essential in lung cancer care. The multidisciplinary treatment team, including pulmonologists, oncologists, and surgeons, collaborates to develop a tailored plan based on the patient’s cancer stage, overall health, and personal preferences.

How to Deal with Emotional Stress

A lung cancer diagnosis can evoke a range of emotions, including fear, anger, sadness, and anxiety. Empowering patients to take control of their treatment journey can build strength and resilience. Coping mechanisms include:

• Emotional Support: Talking to loved ones, joining support groups, and seeking professional counselling.
• Practical Strategies: Educating oneself about treatment options and making informed decisions.
• Mind-body Techniques: Practising meditation, yoga, and regular exercise to reduce stress and improve well-being.

Final Words

Lung cancer treatment involves a multifaceted approach, with various options that meet the patient’s needs. From surgery and radiation to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, the goal is to effectively manage the disease and improve the patient’s quality of life. While ongoing research and advancements offer hope for better outcomes in the future. Patients are encouraged to discuss their questions and concerns with their healthcare team to make informed decisions about their treatment.

Don't Face Lung Cancer Alone – Let Marwellus Clinic Be Your Guiding Light

Facing a lung cancer diagnosis? Feeling overwhelmed by the treatment options? At Marwellus Clinic, our dedicated team of specialists, including experienced pulmonologists, is here to guide you through every step of your treatment journey. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step towards personalised, compassionate care.